Words: Jonee Nuno // @Jonee13
Istanbul, a city straddling two continents, is a mesmerizing tapestry of history, culture, and modernity. Once known as Byzantium and later Constantinople, this vibrant metropolis boasts a rich heritage that blends the legacies of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires. Its iconic skyline is punctuated by the majestic domes and minarets of the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace, while the bustling bazaars like the Grand Bazaar offer a vibrant yet overpowering melting pot of sights, sounds, and smells. The Bosphorus Strait, which divides the city, not only serves as a natural border but also as a vital artery for trade and cultural exchange, making Istanbul a true crossroads of civilizations.
Beyond its historical allure, it is also the pulsating heart of Turkish football, home to the "Big Three" clubs: Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, and Beşiktaş. Each club is deeply woven into the fabric of the city, reflecting its diverse character and passionate spirit.
Galatasaray, established in 1905 by students of the Galatasaray High School, embodies the European side of Istanbul with its iconic red and yellow colors, playing at the Türk Telekom Stadium in the Şişli district. Fenerbahçe, founded in 1907, represents the Asian side, its yellow and navy blue kits echoing the vibrant energy of the Kadıköy district where the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium stands. Beşiktaş, the oldest of the trio since 1903, connects with the city's maritime heritage, located in the Beşiktaş district on the European shore, with the black and white colors of the Black Eagles seen at Vodafone Park.
These clubs are not just sports teams but cultural institutions, their fierce rivalries and storied histories adding another layer to Istanbul's dynamic identity.
We start with Galatasaray.
Fans of Turkey’s Big Three in a rare show of unity during protests.
Photo Credit: BBC Sport
Founded in 1905 by Ali Sami Yen, a student at Galatasaray High School, Galatasaray has grown to become one of the most decorated clubs in Turkish football history. Located on the European side of Istanbul, their emblem, the lion, signifies strength and pride, mirroring their historical dominance in the Turkish Süper Lig.
Galatasaray boasts the highest number of Süper Lig titles, with a record that includes 24 championships, 18 cups and 17 super cups. Their most celebrated international achievement was winning the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Super Cup in 2000, making them the only Turkish club to win a European trophy. The club plays at the Türk Telekom Arena (due to sponsor reasons, the name nowadays is Rams Park), a modern facility that can hold over 52,000 fans.
Next up is Fenerbahçe.
Galatasaray fans during a match against Adana Demirspor in May 2022.
Photo Credit: Daily Sabah
Established in 1907 by local youths from the Kadıköy district, Fenerbahçe is often referred to as the "Turkish People’s Team." Their colours, yellow and navy, are iconic, symbolizing their rich history and deep connection with the community.
Fenerbahçe has secured 19 Süper Lig titles, 7 national cups and 9 super cups and is known for its fierce rivalry with Galatasaray. Their most notable European success was reaching the semi-finals of the UEFA Europa League in 2013. The Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, located in Kadıköy, is not only a football venue but a cultural landmark in Istanbul.
Lastly, we have Beşiktaş.
‘Our City, Our Rules’ tifo by Fenerbahçe’s ultras.
Photo Credit: Ultras Avanti
Founded in 1903 as a gymnastics club before focusing on football in 1911, Beşiktaş's colours are black and white, representing the team's historical resilience through tough times, including the Balkan Wars.
Beşiktaş has won 16 league titles, 11 national cups and 10 super cups. However, their European journey has been less decorated than their domestic success, with a notable run to the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League in 1987. The Vodafone Park (now called Tupras Stadyumu due to sponsorhip reasons), situated near the Bosphorus, offers not just football but one of the most scenic views in European football.
Beşiktaş fans on tour, known for being noisy, passionate and often intimidating for the opposition.
Photo Credit: CNN Sports
The Turkish football competition, commonly referred to as the Super Lig, was officially established in 1959. However, historical research and the 2002 decision by the Turkish Football Federation’s Arbitration Board recognise that the league championships actually started in 1924, thus requiring the recognition of titles won prior to 1959. The Big Three clubs have predominantly dominated Turkish football, notably between 1950 and 1975, and from 1984/85 to 2008/09, during which time they secured every league title.
The Big Three have successfully drawn in renowned players and managers, with each club boasting impressive names associated with their history.
Galatasaray has a rich tradition of attracting high-profile players and managers, leveraging its status, history, and the passion of its fanbase. Over the years, the club has seen legendary figures like Gheorghe Hagi, Didier Drogba, Wesley Sneijder, Mario Jardel, Radamel Falcao, Claudio Taffarel, Felipe Melo, Brad Friedel, Gheorghe Popescu, grace its pitch, enhancing its reputation both domestically and internationally. The allure for these stars isn’t just the competitive football environment but also the unique atmosphere at the Rams Park, where fans create a fervent support that’s renowned across Europe. Moreover, Galatasaray’s strategic signings often include not just players but also coaches like Fatih Terim, whose multiple tenures have brought significant success to the club, including European trophies. This ability to pull in talent is also supported by the club’s ambition to compete at the highest levels, making it a desirable destination for those looking to make a mark in one of football’s most passionate arenas.
Fenerbahçe, with its storied history and massive following, has consistently been a magnet for top-tier footballers and managers. The club’s prestige in Turkey’s football scene, couple with the fervent support from its fans – known as the “The Yellow Canaries” – provides an attractive platform for high-profile individuals. Over the years, Fenerbahçe has seen the likes of Alex, Robin van Persie, Anelka, Dirk Kuyt, Raul Meireles, Bruno Alves, Roberto Carlos, Mesut Ozil, Luiz Gustavo donning its colours. On the managerial front, the appointment of figures like Jose Mourinho, a two-time Champions League winner, underscores Fenerbahçe’s allure to those with a desire to lead a club with such a passionate fanbase and a rich trophy cabinet. The club’s ambition has made it a compelling choice for stars looking to elevate their careers or for managers seeking new challenges in a football-crazed nation.
Beşiktaş, known for its black and white stripes and the nickname “Black Eagles”, has carved out a reputation for attracting big-name players and managers, especially in recent years as the club has sought to enhance its standing both domestically and in Europe. The club’s ability to lure talents like Ricardo Quaresma, who returned multiple times showcasing his affinity for the club, Pepe, a former Real Madrid and FC Porto defender, but also Guti, John Carew, Harry Kewell, Demba Ba, Shinji Kagawa, Aboubakar, speaks volumes about its appeal. Beşiktaş’ stadium, which offers one of the most picturesque settings in football, adds to the allure. The club has also managed to bring in high-profile managers like Slaven Bilic or Senol Gunes, who helped the club, add more titles to their trophy cabinet. This capacity to attract such names is underpinned by the club’s ambition to continue achieving success and make significant strides in European competitions.
Gheorghe Hagi in action for Galatasaray.
Photo Credit: These Football Times
Each of the Big Three clubs have boldly etched their names in European football history by securing pivotal victories against some of the continent’s most formidable teams. Galatasaray has beaten the likes of Arsenal, Real Madrid, Barcelona, PSG, AC Milan, Borussia Dortmund, Juventus, Liverpool, Manchester United, among others.
Fenerbahçe has won against teams like Manchester United, PSV, Inter Milan, Sevilla, Chelsea, Marseille, Benfica and Ajax, while Beşiktaş has managed important wins against the likes of PSG, Barcelona, Chelsea, Liverpool, Marseille, Manchester United, Napoli, FC Porto, and Tottenham. These results underscore the ambition and quality of the teams the Big Three has fielded throughout the years.
Importantly, Istanbul's football matches, especially derbies between the Big Three, are not just games but events where the city pulses with energy. Fans are known for their passionate support, often leading to electric atmospheres with flares, chants, and constant drumming echoing through the stadiums. The rivalry between Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe in particular, known as the Intercontinental Derby, is one of the fiercest in world football, dividing the city across the Bosphorus. The matches are more than just football; they are a celebration of identity, history, and local pride.
Graeme Souness planting a Galatasaray flag in the centre circle of Fenerbahçe’s stadium.
Photo Credit: These Football Times
While the Big Three dominate, clubs like İstanbul Başakşehir have been making headlines. In 2020, Başakşehir won their first Süper Lig title, breaking the dominance of the traditional giants. This club, with its links to the Erdoğan regime, represents a new era in Turkish football, focusing on sustainability and community involvement. Moreover, consider Kasimpasa SK, a club that, while not matching the trophy-laden history of its more illustrious neighbours, consistently competes in the elite echelons of Turkish football, showcasing resilience and ambition in the shadow of giants.
Football clubs in Istanbul engage deeply with community initiatives, from youth academies fostering new talents to social projects aimed at inclusivity and environmental consciousness, like the Climate Alliance of Football Clubs initiative (launched during the COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan), including clubs like Liverpool, Atletico Madrid and FC Porto, with the aim of tackling climate change through collective action.
The Kasımpaşa Stadium (also known as the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium), home of Kasımpaşa SK.
Photo Credit: WikiMedia Commons